Shloka 55

Adhyaya 3 — The Dharmapakshis’ Past-Life Curse and Indra’s Test of Truthfulness

Sanskrit

इत्युक्त्वा तु गते शक्रे पिता कोपसमन्वितः ।

प्रणम्य शिरसास्माभिरिदमुक्तो महामुनिः ॥

Transliteration

ityuktvā tu gate śakre pitā kopasamanvitaḥ /

praṇamya śirasāsmābhir idam ukto mahāmuniḥ

Translation

Nói xong như vậy, khi Śakra (Indra) đã rời đi, cha chúng ta—đầy phẫn nộ—cúi đầu (tỏ lòng kính lễ), và chúng ta thưa với bậc đại hiền như sau.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध (Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्ययकृदन्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having said’

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/विरोधार्थक (but/indeed)

• गते: when (he) had gone
• गते: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; locative absolute)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; लोकेटिव-अब्सोल्यूट (locative absolute)

• शक्रे: (when) Indra
• शक्रे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa; in locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; (locative singular)

• पिता: the father
• पिता: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• कोपसमन्वितः: endowed with anger, angry
• कोपसमन्वितः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कोप + समन्वित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (instrumental/associative sense: ‘with anger’); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying पिता)

• प्रणम्य: having bowed
• प्रणम्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नम् (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त-समकक्ष कृदन्त (gerund), ‘having bowed’

• शिरसा: with (our) head
• शिरसा: करण (Karaṇa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; (instrumental singular)

• अस्माभिः: by us
• अस्माभिः: कर्ता (Karta; agent of ‘bowing/speaking’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; (instrumental plural)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; (accusative singular)

• उक्तः: was spoken/addressed
• उक्तः: क्रियाविशेषण/विधेय (Predicate participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; (said/spoken)

• महामुनिः: the great sage
• महामुनिः: कर्ता (Karta)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महामुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (महान् मुनिः); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator(s) speaking about addressing a Mahāmuni after Indra departs (frame-narrative voice; exact named interlocutors not supplied in the input)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Indra (Śakra)

Key Themes

• Frame narrative
• Respect to sages
• Emotional reaction (anger) after a divine encounter
• Transition to a question/teaching

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even amid strong emotion (kopa), the proper dhārmic protocol is maintained: one approaches a realized sage with humility (praṇāma) before speaking. The verse models restraint and the primacy of reverence toward spiritual authority over reactive speech.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Itihāsa/Ākhyāna-style framing that supports later teachings; it is not directly Sarga/Pratisarga/Manvantara/Vaṁśa/Vaṁśānucarita in content, but functions as narrative linkage (anubandha) within the Purāṇic discourse.

What is the esoteric significance?

Indra’s departure can symbolize the withdrawal of external power/authority, after which the seeker turns inward toward higher wisdom (the Mahāmuni). The bowing of the head signifies ego-surrender as the prerequisite for receiving instruction.