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Shloka 40

Adhyaya 22Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

पुत्रावूचतुः ततः कुवलयाश्वस्य माता भर्तुरनन्तरम् ।

श्रुत्वा पुत्रवधं तादृक् प्राह दृष्ट्वा तु तं पतिम् ॥

putrāv ūcatuḥ tataḥ kuvalayāśvasya mātā bhartur anantaram |

śrutvā putra-vadhaṃ tādṛk prāha dṛṣṭvā tu taṃ patim ||

“Bấy giờ hai người con trai lên tiếng. Sau đó, mẹ của Kuvalayāśva, ngay sau khi chồng qua đời, nghe tin con trai bị giết như thế, liền nói khi trông thấy chồng mình.”

putrauthe two sons
putrau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन)
ūcatuḥsaid
ūcatuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वचने)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन)
tataḥthen/thereupon
tataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (काल/क्रमवाचक-अव्यय)
kuvalayāśvasyaof Kuvalayāśva
kuvalayāśvasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootkuvalayāśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
mātāthe mother
mātā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
bhartuḥof (her) husband
bhartuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
anantaramimmediately after
anantaram:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative used as indeclinable (क्रियाविशेषण-रूपेण), Neuter Accusative Singular; ‘immediately after’
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (श्रवणे)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having heard’
putra-vadhamthe killing of (her) son
putra-vadham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक) + vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; object of ‘śrutvā’; tatpuruṣa ‘killing of (her) son’
tādṛksuch
tādṛk:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Roottādṛś (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun/adjective, Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; qualifying ‘vadham’: ‘such’
prāhasaid/spoke
prāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ah (भाषणे)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (दर्शने)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having seen’
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (विरोध/अनुक्रमार्थक-अव्यय)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular
patimhusband
patim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; apposition to ‘tam’
Narrator (introducing the next speaker: Kuvalayāśva’s mother; also mentions ‘the two sons’ speaking)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Narrative transitionFamily discourse on dharma and deathPativratā motif

FAQs

The narrative moves from general praise of dharmic death to a concrete exemplum: a mother’s speech reframing tragedy through the lens of merit and duty.

Narrative (ākhyāna) supporting dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

The sequencing—sons speak, then the mother—mirrors layered authority: worldly reasoning followed by a deeper, value-centered interpretation of loss.