Shloka 38

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

विप्राणं मम धर्मस्य गतः स हि महामतिः ।

आनृण्यमर्धभुक्तस्य त्यागाद् देहस्य मे सुतः ॥

Transliteration

viprāṇaṃ mama dharmasya gataḥ sa hi mahāmatiḥ |

ānṛṇyam ardha-bhuktasya tyāgād dehasya me sutaḥ ||

Translation

“Bậc đại tâm ấy đã đi làm chỗ nương tựa cho vị bà-la-môn và cho pháp (dharma) của ta. Con trai ta, chỉ hưởng nửa phần thọ mệnh đã định, đã đạt đến trạng thái vô nợ nhờ xả bỏ thân này.”

Word by Word

• viprāṇām: of the Brahmins
• viprāṇām: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Plural; ‘of the Brahmins’ (IAST shows viprāṇaṃ, but context and form required: viprāṇām)

• mama: my
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular

• dharmasya: of duty/dharma
• dharmasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular

• gataḥ: has gone/attained
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (गत्यर्थे)
• Form: Past active participle (क्तवतु/क्त), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; predicate ‘has gone/has attained’

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

• hi: indeed/for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (हेतौ/निश्चयार्थे-अव्यय)

• mahāmatiḥ: the great-minded one
• mahāmatiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + mati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; karmadhāraya ‘great-minded’

• ānṛṇyam: freedom from debt/obligation
• ānṛṇyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ānṛṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; object of implied ‘(he) obtained’

• ardha-bhuktasya: of (one) whose (life) was half-enjoyed
• ardha-bhuktasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ardha (प्रातिपदिक) + bhukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √bhuj भोगे)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; qualifying ‘dehasya’: ‘of the half-enjoyed body/life’; tatpuruṣa

• tyāgāt: from abandonment/sacrifice
• tyāgāt: Apādāna (अपादानम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tyāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular; cause/source ‘from/by abandonment’

• dehasya: of the body
• dehasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular

• me: my
• me: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular (enclitic)

• sutaḥ: son
• sutaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (mother’s voice strongly implied by ‘me sutaḥ’)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ānṛṇya (debtlessness)
• Renunciation through sacrifice
• Brāhmaṇa as dharma-bearer

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even an early death is reinterpreted as spiritually complete when it fulfills dharma; ‘ānṛṇya’ suggests that right action can discharge life’s obligations more decisively than longevity.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is ethical doctrine expressed through family narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Abandonment of the body’ hints at the inner yogic principle: relinquishing identification (dehābhimāna) is the deeper ‘tyāga’ that yields true freedom from karmic indebtedness.