Shloka 19

Adhyaya 22 — Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

Sanskrit

म्रियमाणेन तेनिदं दत्तं मे कण्ठभूषणम् ।

प्रापितश्चाग्निसंयोगं स वने शूद्रतापसैः ॥

Transliteration

mriyamāṇena tenedaṃ dattaṃ me kaṇṭhabhūṣaṇam | prāpitaścāgnisaṃyogaṃ sa vane śūdratāpasaiḥ ||

Translation

Khi sắp lìa đời, chàng trao cho ta chuỗi ngọc này. Rồi trong rừng, các ẩn tu thuộc giai cấp śūdra đã đưa chàng đến với lửa (làm lễ hỏa táng).

Word by Word

• म्रियमाणेन: by (him) who was dying
• म्रियमाणेन: Karana (करण/Instrumental agent)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमान कृदन्त (शानच्/Present middle participle), पुं/नपुं, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• तेन: by him
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुं, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• दत्तम्: given
• दत्तम्: Kriya (क्रिया; passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• मे: to me
• मे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• कण्ठभूषणम्: a neck-ornament
• कण्ठभूषणम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कण्ठ + भूषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कण्ठस्य भूषणम्)

• प्रापितः: was brought/was made to reach
• प्रापितः: Karta (कर्ता; subject ‘he’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्/आप् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त/Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; causative sense in usage ‘caused to reach’

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• अग्निसंयोगम्: contact with fire
• अग्निसंयोगम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि + संयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अग्नेः संयोगम्)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• वने: in the forest
• वने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• शूद्रतापसैः: by Śūdra ascetics
• शूद्रतापसैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र + तापस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (शूद्राः तापसाः)

Speakers

• Tālāketu reporting

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Last gift and testimony
• Death rites / fire-contact
• Ascetic communities

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A final act of giving (dāna) at death seals relationship and truth: the necklace becomes evidence and remembrance. The mention of forest ascetics handling fire-contact points to communal responsibility in crisis.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ākhyāna. It may touch dharma (antyeṣṭi/fire) incidentally, but it is not a prescriptive ritual section in itself.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Fire-contact’ signifies purification and transition; the dying gift represents the transfer of unresolved duty to the witness who must now act to restore order.