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Shloka 45

Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange

Chapter 55

अत्रैव वावरोहैनमेष धर्म: सनातन: । यदि मे प्रथम द्रोण: शरीरे प्रहरिष्यति । ततोडस्य प्रहरिष्यामि नास्थ कोपो भवेदिति

arjuna uvāca | atraiva vāvaroha enam eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ | yadi me prathamaṃ droṇaḥ śarīre prahariṣyati | tato 'sya prahariṣyāmi nāsya kopo bhaved iti |

Arjuna nói: “Hãy để ông ấy xuống xe ngay tại đây; đó là phép tắc vĩnh cửu của đạo nghĩa. Nếu thầy Droṇa ra tay đánh vào thân ta trước, thì ta mới bắn tên đáp trả—để trong lòng thầy không khởi giận, như thể ta đã vô cớ tấn công trước.”

अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
Formindeclinable (locative adverb)
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable (emphatic particle)
वाor/indeed (particle)
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Formindeclinable (particle)
अवरोहdismount/descend
अवरोह:
TypeVerb
Rootअवरोह
Formimperative, 2nd person singular, parasmaipada (from अव√रुह्)
एनम्him/this one
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
धर्मःduty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
सनातनःeternal
सनातनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
Formindeclinable (conditional)
मेto me/for me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formgenitive/dative singular (enclitic)
प्रथमम्first
प्रथमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
Formneuter, accusative, singular (adverbial use)
द्रोणःDrona
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
शरीरेon (my) body
शरीरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
Formneuter, locative, singular
प्रहरिष्यतिwill strike
प्रहरिष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√हृ (प्रहरति)
Formsimple future, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablative adverb)
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
प्रहरिष्यामिI will strike
प्रहरिष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√हृ (प्रहरति)
Formsimple future, 1st person singular, parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
अस्यof him/for him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्)
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
कोपःanger
कोपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
भवेत्would be/may arise
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formoptative, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
Formindeclinable (quotative)

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Droṇa

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, one should uphold sanātana-dharma: do not initiate harm against a revered elder/teacher; respond only when attacked, so the act remains defensive and does not become an insult or provocation.

Arjuna states his battle protocol regarding Droṇa: he will not shoot first. Only if Droṇa strikes him first will Arjuna retaliate with arrows, aiming to avoid the appearance of aggression and the consequent anger or moral breach.