Shloka 4

Devanagari script

विदितं भवतां सर्व धार्तराष्ट्रैयथा वयम्‌ । छद्मना हृृतराज्याश्लानयाश्व बहुशः कृता:

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: viditaṃ bhavatāṃ sarvaṃ dhārtarāṣṭrair yathā vayam | chadmanā hṛtarājyāś ca anāyāś ca bahuśaḥ kṛtāḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Tất cả điều ấy các ngài đều đã rõ—rằng chúng ta đã bị các con của Dhṛtarāṣṭra dùng mưu trá đoạt mất vương quốc, và bao lần điều bất công, áp bức lại liên tiếp giáng xuống chúng ta.”

Word by Word

• विदितम्: known
• विदितम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विदित (√विद्)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• भवताम्: of you (hon.)
• भवताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भवत्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• सर्वम्: all (this)
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• धार्तराष्ट्रैः: by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Kauravas)
• धार्तराष्ट्रैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• यथा: as, in the manner that
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Nominative, Plural

• छद्मना: by deceit, by a ruse
• छद्मना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: छद्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• हृत-राज्याः: deprived of (our) kingdom
• हृत-राज्याः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृत (√हृ) + राज्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अनयाः: misdeeds, injustices
• अनयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• बहुशः: many times, repeatedly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बहुशः

• कृताः: done, committed
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृत (√कृ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames the loss of rightful rule through deceit as a moral wrong (anāya), implying that political power gained by fraud violates dharma and accumulates ethical blame, especially when oppression is repeated.

What is happening in the narrative?

The speaker, Vaiśampāyana, states that the audience already knows the background grievance: the Dhārtarāṣṭras (Kauravas) used deception to strip ‘us’ (contextually the Pāṇḍava side) of the kingdom and committed repeated injustices thereafter.