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Shloka 23

गान्धारराजरचितं सतत जिद्दाबुद्धिना । यस्य कार्यमकार्य वा सममेव भवत्युत

Vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | gāndhārarājaracitaṃ satataṃ jid(d)hābuddhinā | yasya kāryam akāryaṃ vā samam eva bhavaty uta, dharmaputro mahābāhur vilalāpa suvistaram ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana nói: Việc này rất có thể do vua xứ Gāndhāra bày đặt—kẻ trí luôn quanh co xảo trá, đối với hắn điều nên làm và điều không nên làm cũng như nhau. Thấy các em mình ngã gục và vô sinh khí, Dharmaputra (Yudhiṣṭhira) cánh tay hùng mạnh chìm trong đau đớn và than khóc rất lâu, nghi rằng một hành vi tàn nhẫn như thế có thể xuất phát từ những kẻ coi thường ranh giới giữa bổn phận và điều trái đạo.

गान्धारराजरचितम्done/contrived by the king of Gandhāra
गान्धारराजरचितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगान्धारराज-रचित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
जितदाबुद्धिनाwith a (so-called) conquered/controlled intellect (i.e., crafty mind)
जितदाबुद्धिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजित-दा-बुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कार्यम्what ought to be done; duty
कार्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अकार्यम्what ought not to be done; improper act
अकार्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
समम्equal, the same
समम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
भवतिis/becomes
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
उतand also; moreover
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
धर्मपुत्रःDharma’s son (Yudhiṣṭhira)
धर्मपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाबाहुःmighty-armed
महाबाहुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विललापlamented
विललाप:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-लप्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुविस्तरम्at great length; extensively
सुविस्तरम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसु-विस्तर

वैशग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
G
Gāndhāra-rāja (Śakuni)
D
Dharmaputra (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights ethical collapse: when a person treats kārya (duty) and akārya (wrongdoing) as equal, trust becomes impossible and harm becomes likely. It implicitly upholds dharma as the capacity to discern and honor the difference between right action and forbidden action.

Vaiśaṃpāyana narrates Yudhiṣṭhira’s extended lament and suspicion that the calamity befalling him and his brothers could be the work of the Gāndhāra king (Śakuni), characterized as perpetually deceitful and indifferent to moral boundaries.