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Shloka 3

Aṣṭāvakra–Kahoda Upākhyāna: Śvetaketu’s Āśrama, Sarasvatī, and the Origin of Aṣṭāvakra

राजोवाच संत्रस्तरूपस्त्राणार्थी त्वत्तो भीतो महाद्विज । मत्सकाशमनुप्राप्त: प्राणगृध्नुर॒यं द्विज:

rājovāca saṁtrastarūpas trāṇārthī tvatto bhīto mahādvija | matsakāśam anuprāptaḥ prāṇagṛdhnuḥ ayaṁ dvijaḥ ||

Nhà vua nói: “Hỡi bậc nhị sinh cao cả, con chim bồ câu này vì sợ ngươi mà hoảng hốt chạy đến bên ta, cầu được che chở, bám víu lấy mạng sống. Nó đã đến trước mặt ta để nương tựa và xin được cứu. Nếu ta không trao kẻ tìm sự vô úy này cho ngươi, ấy chính là dharma tối thượng của người bảo hộ. Sao ngươi lại không nhận ra điều ấy?”

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सन्त्रस्तरूपःhaving a terrified appearance
सन्त्रस्तरूपः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसन्त्रस्त-रूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्राणार्थीseeking protection
त्राणार्थी:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्राण-अर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वत्तःfrom you
त्वत्तः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormAblative, Singular
भीतःafraid
भीतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)
महाद्विजO great twice-born (brahmin)
महाद्विज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाद्विज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मत्सकाशम्to/near me
मत्सकाशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमत्-सकाश
अनुप्राप्तःhaving come/arrived
अनुप्राप्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-प्र-आप्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past active participle (kta) of anu+pra+āp
प्राणगृध्नुःdesirous of life (eager to save its life)
प्राणगृध्नुः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राण-गृध्नु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजःthe bird (lit. twice-born)
द्विजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

श्येन उवाच

R
rājā (the king)
Ś
śyena (hawk)
K
kapota (dove/pigeon)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s highest duty is to protect one who has sought refuge (abhaya). Even when pressured by a stronger claimant, abandoning a frightened suppliant violates rāja-dharma and the ethic of sheltering the vulnerable.

In the hawk-and-dove episode, the dove flees to the king for protection. The hawk demands its prey, but the king argues that refusing to surrender a creature seeking fearlessness is the supreme duty of a protector, challenging the hawk’s claim.