Shloka 10

Udyoga Parva Adhyaya 62 — Duryodhana’s Claim of Victory and Vidura’s Allegories on Discord and Risk

Devanagari script

तस्य दान क्षमा सिद्धिर्यथावदुपपद्यते । दमो दानं तपो ज्ञानमधीतं चानुवर्तते

Transliteration

tasya dāna-kṣamā-siddhir yathāvad upapadyate | damo dānaṃ tapo jñānam adhītaṃ cānuvartate ||

Translation

Với người như thế, sự viên mãn của lòng bố thí và đức nhẫn nhịn sẽ sinh khởi đúng mức, đúng lẽ. Tự chế, bố thí, khổ hạnh (tapas) và tri kiến chân thật—thậm chí cả điều đã học—đều theo sau như những kẻ tùy tùng tự nhiên, uốn nắn hành vi cho hợp với dharma.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him/that
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• दानम्: giving, charity
• दानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• क्षमा: forbearance, forgiveness
• क्षमा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सिद्धिः: success, accomplishment
• सिद्धिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिद्धि
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• यथावत्: properly, duly
• यथावत्: Adverbial
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथावत्

• उपपद्यते: is fitting/appropriate; is obtained
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप√पद्
• Form: Present, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• दमः: self-control
• दमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दानम्: giving, charity
• दानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तपः: austerity, penance
• तपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अधीतम्: studied, learned
• अधीतम्: Karta
• Type: Participle
• Root: अधि√इ
• Form: Past Passive Participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अनुवर्तते: follows; conforms; attends upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु√वृत्
• Form: Present, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vidura teaches that when a person is rightly grounded in disciplined character, virtues do not remain isolated: generosity and forgiveness mature properly, and self-restraint, charity, austerity, knowledge, and even one’s learning naturally align with and follow that person’s dharmic way of life.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura addresses the Kuru court with moral counsel (Vidura-nīti), emphasizing the qualities that make a person truly fit for righteous action and sound governance as the crisis leading to war intensifies.