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Shloka 60

Sanatsujāta–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Saṃvāda: Pramāda as Mṛtyu

Chapter 42

मौनान्न स मुनिर्भवति नारण्यवसनान्मुनि: । स्वलक्षणं तु यो वेद स मुनि: श्रेष्ठ उच्यते,मौन रहने अथवा जंगलमें निवास करनेमात्रसे कोई मुनि नहीं होता। जो अपने आत्माके स्वरूपको जानता है, वही श्रेष्ठ मुनि कहलाता है

maunān na sa munir bhavati nāraṇyavasanān muniḥ | svalakṣaṇaṃ tu yo veda sa muniḥ śreṣṭha ucyate ||

Sanatsujāta nói: Con người không trở thành hiền giả chỉ vì giữ im lặng, cũng không chỉ vì khoác áo người ở rừng. Ai thực sự biết được tướng trạng chân thật của Tự Ngã—bản thể đích thực của mình—người ấy mới được gọi là bậc hiền giả tối thượng. Lời dạy chuyển trọng tâm thánh hạnh từ khổ hạnh bề ngoài sang tri kiến nội tâm và sự chứng ngộ bản ngã.

मौनात्from silence
मौनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमौन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुनिःsage
मुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आरण्यवसनात्from wearing forest-garb / from living in the forest
आरण्यवसनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआरण्यवसन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
मुनिःsage
मुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वलक्षणम्one’s own characteristic/nature (true mark)
स्वलक्षणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वलक्षण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुनिःsage
मुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रेष्ठःbest, excellent
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Superlative
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive, Indicative

सनत्युजात उवाच

S
Sanatsujāta

Educational Q&A

True sagehood is not established by external signs like silence or ascetic dress; it is established by inner realization—knowing the Self’s essential nature (svalakṣaṇa).

In the Udyoga Parva dialogue, Sanatsujāta instructs (in a didactic, philosophical mode) that spiritual authority and excellence come from inner knowledge rather than outward austerities, correcting common misconceptions about what makes a muni.