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Shloka 29

धृतराष्ट्रस्य वंशोपदेशः

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Dynastic Counsel on Legitimate Rule

ये पार्थिवा राजसभां प्रविष्टा ब्रह्मर्षयो ये च सभासदो<न्ये । शृण्वन्तु वक्ष्यामि तवापराध॑ पापस्य सामात्यपरिच्छदस्य

ye pārthivā rājasabhāṃ praviṣṭā brahmarṣayo ye ca sabhāsado 'nye | śṛṇvantu vakṣyāmi tavāparādhaṃ pāpasya sāmātyaparicchadasya ||

Vidura nói trước triều hội: “Xin tất cả các vua đã bước vào đại sảnh này, các Brahmarishi và những người dự hội khác hãy lắng nghe. Ta sẽ vạch rõ tội lỗi của ngươi—hỡi Duryodhana đầy tội—cùng với tội của các đại thần và kẻ tùy tùng của ngươi.” Câu kệ đặt thành một bản cáo trạng đạo lý công khai: khi lỗi lầm đe dọa quốc gia, nó không còn là chuyện riêng; và sự đồng lõa cũng thuộc về những kẻ tiếp tay cho bất công.

येwho/which (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पार्थिवाःkings
पार्थिवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजसभाम्royal assembly
राजसभाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजसभा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रविष्टाःentered
प्रविष्टाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-विश्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्रह्मर्षयःbrahmarishis (sage-seers)
ब्रह्मर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सभासदःassembly-members/courtiers
सभासदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसभासद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शृण्वन्तुlet them hear
शृण्वन्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formलोट् (imperative), Third, Plural, परस्मैपद
वक्ष्यामिI will speak/tell
वक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formलृट् (simple future), First, Singular, परस्मैपद
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अपराधम्offence, wrongdoing
अपराधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपराध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पापस्यof the sinful (one)
पापस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सामात्यपरिच्छदस्यof (him) with ministers and attendants
सामात्यपरिच्छदस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootसामात्यपरिच्छद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
D
Duryodhana
K
kings (pārthivāḥ)
B
Brahmarishis (brahmarṣayaḥ)
M
members of the royal assembly (sabhāsadaḥ)
R
royal court/assembly hall (rājasabhā)

Educational Q&A

Wrongdoing by a ruler must be publicly named when it threatens dharma and the polity; responsibility spreads beyond the principal offender to ministers and attendants who support or conceal the offence.

In the Kuru court, Vidura calls upon all present—kings, sages, and courtiers—to listen as he prepares to enumerate Duryodhana’s transgressions, explicitly including the culpability of his ministerial circle and retinue.