Shloka 32

Vidurā–Putra Saṃvāda: Utsāha, Kīrti, and Kṣātra Resolve

Udyoga-parva 131

Devanagari script

पित्रयमंशं महाबाहो निमग्नं पुनरुद्धर । साम्ना भेदेन दानेन दण्डेनाथ नयेन वा

Transliteration

pitṛyam aṁśaṁ mahābāho nimagnaṁ punar uddhara | sāmnā bhedena dānena daṇḍenātha nayena vā ||

Translation

Vāyu nói: “Hỡi bậc đại dũng (mighty-armed), phần gia nghiệp tổ tông của ngươi đã chìm vào hoang phế vì rơi vào tay kẻ thù. Hãy giành lại—bằng hòa giải (sāma), bằng chia rẽ (bheda), bằng ban tặng (dāna), bằng trừng phạt (daṇḍa), hoặc bằng bất cứ kế sách thận trọng nào. Hãy dùng quốc thuật khôn ngoan mà phục hồi quyền thừa kế chính đáng.”

Word by Word

• पित्र्यम्: paternal, ancestral
• पित्र्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पितृय (पित्र्य) / पितृ
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अंशम्: share, portion
• अंशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• महाबाहो: O mighty-armed one
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाबाहु
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• निमग्नम्: sunk, submerged, lost
• निमग्नम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निमग्न (नि+मग्न; √मज्ज्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• उद्धर: lift up, recover, rescue
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्+√हृ
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• साम्ना: by conciliation
• साम्ना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• भेदेन: by division/dissension (policy of splitting)
• भेदेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भेद
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• दानेन: by gift, by bribery
• दानेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• दण्डेन: by punishment/force
• दण्डेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• अथ: or else, then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• नयेन: by policy/strategy
• नयेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नय
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
• Mahābāhu (addressee, a heroic figure)
• ancestral share/kingdom portion (pitṛya aṁśa)
• enemies (implicit: śatru)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches rājadharma: a rightful claim (ancestral share) should be restored through appropriate, graduated means of policy—conciliation, incentives, strategic division, or force—guided by prudence (naya) rather than impulse.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyu addresses a heroic recipient, urging him to reclaim his lost paternal portion of sovereignty that has been taken over by enemies, recommending the classic four upāyas (sāma, dāna, bheda, daṇḍa) and broader nīti as methods.