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Shloka 18

शोक-शमन उपदेशः

Instruction on the Pacification of Grief

यथा तु सलिलं राजन्‌ क्रीडार्थमनुसंतरत्‌ । उन्मज्जेच्च निमज्जेच्च किंचित्‌ सत्त्वं नराधिप

yathā tu salilaṃ rājan krīḍārtham anusantarat | unmajjecca nimajjecca kiṃcit sattvaṃ narādhipa ||

Tâu Đại vương, như một sinh vật nhỏ nô đùa trong nước, khi thì trồi lên mặt, khi thì lại chìm xuống—cũng vậy, một hữu tình bị hoàn cảnh và dục vọng thúc đẩy, lúc nổi lên trong chốn hiển đạt, lúc lại rơi về nơi mờ khuất.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सलिलम्water
सलिलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसलिल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
क्रीडार्थम्for the purpose of play
क्रीडार्थम्:
Prayojana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रीडा-अर्थ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अनुसंतरत्followed/ran along (in it)
अनुसंतरत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-सम्-तॄ
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
उन्मज्जेत्would rise up/emerge
उन्मज्जेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-मज्ज्
Formoptative (vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निमज्जेत्would sink/dive down
निमज्जेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-मज्ज्
Formoptative (vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, singular, parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
किंचित्a little/somewhat
किंचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिंचित्
सत्त्वम्a creature/being
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
Formneuter, nominative, singular
नराधिपO lord of men (king)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनर-अधिप
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
King (rājan / narādhipa)
W
water (salila)
A
a small creature/being (kiṃcit sattva)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that rise and fall are natural and recurring, like a creature surfacing and submerging in water; therefore one should not become arrogant in success or despair in decline, but maintain discernment and steadiness.

Vidura addresses the king and uses a vivid simile from nature—movement in water—to counsel him about the unstable, alternating conditions of worldly life and status, framing a moral warning suited to royal decision-making.