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Shloka 19

Kṣātra-dharma in Campaign and Battle: Protection, Purification, and the Ideal Warrior’s End (क्षात्रधर्मः—अभियानयुद्धे रक्षणदानशुद्धिः)

पतत्यभिमुख: शूर: परान्‌ भीरु: पलायते । आस्थाय स्वर्ग्यमध्वानं सहायान्‌ विषमे त्यजेत्‌

pataty abhimukhaḥ śūraḥ parān bhīruḥ palāyate | āsthāya svargyam adhvānaṃ sahāyān viṣame tyajet ||

Bhishma nói: “Người dũng sĩ xông thẳng về phía trước, đối mặt quân thù; còn kẻ hèn nhát thì quay lưng bỏ chạy. Và dẫu đã bước lên ‘con đường dẫn tới cõi trời’—con đường của bổn phận anh hùng—kẻ hèn nhát ấy vẫn bỏ rơi đồng đội ngay giữa lúc hiểm nguy.”

पततिfalls/rushes (moves swiftly)
पतति:
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (पतति)
FormLat (Present Indicative), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
अभिमुखःfacing (towards)
अभिमुखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभिमुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूरःa hero/brave man
शूरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परान्enemies/others (the opposing side)
परान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर (पर)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भीरुःa coward
भीरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पलायतेruns away/flees
पलायते:
TypeVerb
Rootपलाय् (पलायते)
FormLat (Present Indicative), 3, Singular, Atmanepada
आस्थायhaving taken to/undertaken
आस्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (क्त्वा/ल्यप् from आस्थाय)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada-usage
स्वर्ग्यम्heavenly; leading to heaven
स्वर्ग्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्ग्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अध्वानम्path/road
अध्वानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सहायान्companions/helpers
सहायान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसहाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विषमेin difficulty/in a crisis
विषमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविषम
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
त्यजेत्should abandon/leave
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (त्यजति)
FormVidhi-lin (Optative), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

True valor is not only facing the enemy but also remaining steadfast with one’s companions; cowardice is shown both in fleeing and in abandoning allies at the moment of crisis.

In Bhishma’s instruction on conduct and duty, he contrasts the behavior of a brave warrior who advances toward the foe with that of a coward who retreats and even deserts his comrades despite claiming the merit of a ‘heavenward’ heroic path.