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Shloka 18

Kṣātra-dharma in Campaign and Battle: Protection, Purification, and the Ideal Warrior’s End (क्षात्रधर्मः—अभियानयुद्धे रक्षणदानशुद्धिः)

पुरुषाणां समानानां दृश्यते महदन्तरम्‌ | संग्रामेडनीकवेलायामुत्क्रुष्टेडशभिपतन्त्युत

bhīṣma uvāca | puruṣāṇāṁ samānānāṁ dṛśyate mahad antaram | saṅgrāme ’nīkavelāyām utkr̥ṣṭe daśabhiḥ patanty uta |

Bhishma nói: “Người ta thoạt nhìn tưởng như giống nhau, nhưng một khác biệt lớn sẽ lộ ra. Trên chiến địa, khi đến lúc các đội ngũ đối địch xông vào giáp chiến và tiếng hô của các dũng sĩ vang dậy bốn bề, thì thước đo thật của họ hiện rõ: kẻ thì không sợ hãi lao thẳng vào quân thù, kẻ lại chỉ bận tâm tìm đường giữ mạng.”

पुरुषाणाम्of men
पुरुषाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
समानानाम्of similar (ones)
समानानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दृश्यतेis seen/appears
दृश्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive-like usage), Third, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्तरम्difference
अन्तरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अनीक-वेलायाम्at the time of (armies’) encounter/engagement
अनीक-वेलायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक + वेला
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
उत्कृष्टेwhen (the cry/shout) is raised; at the heightened moment
उत्कृष्टे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्कृष्ट
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दशभिःby tens; with ten (kinds/ways)
दशभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
पतन्तिthey fall/they rush (upon)
पतन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
उत्up; forth (as a preverb/particle)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
men (puruṣāḥ)
B
battlefield (saṅgrāma)
A
armies/battle-arrays (anīka)

Educational Q&A

Outward sameness does not indicate inner strength. Crisis—especially the terror and confusion of battle—reveals a person’s real disposition: steadfast courage versus self-preserving fear. The verse highlights ethical discernment: judging character by conduct under pressure rather than by appearance.

Bhishma is instructing by observation from warfare: when armies close in and the battle-cries rise, the ranks split in spirit—some warriors charge the enemy without fear, while others hesitate and focus on protecting their lives. The battlefield becomes a proving ground where inner qualities become visible.