Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 18

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

यो नोपकर्तु शकनोति नापकर्तु महीपति: । न शक्‍्यरूपश्रोद्धर्तुमुपेक्ष्यस्तादृशो भवेत्‌

yo nopakartuṁ śaknoti nāpakartu mahīpatiḥ | na śakyarūpaś chroddhartum upekṣyas tādṛśo bhavet ||

Bhīṣma nói: Nếu có một vị vua không thể ban ân cũng không thể gây hại—và việc tiêu diệt hoàn toàn lại không thấy là điều thích đáng—thì nên gạt sang một bên và mặc kệ vị ấy. Lời dạy nhấn mạnh sự thực dụng: khi liên minh hay đối địch đều vô ích, mà diệt trừ lại không hợp đạo lý hay thế cuộc, thì rút lui là khôn ngoan.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
उपकर्तुम्to help, to do a favor
उपकर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउपकृ (धातु)
FormTumun (infinitive)
शक्नोतिis able
शक्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootशक् (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
अपकर्तुम्to harm, to do injury
अपकर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअपकृ (धातु)
FormTumun (infinitive)
महीपतिःking (lord of the earth)
महीपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
शक्यpossible / feasible
शक्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक् (धातु)
Formयत् (potential passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
रूपform, manner (i.e., in such a way)
रूप:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रोद्धर्तुम्to trust / to place confidence (lit. to hold faith)
श्रोद्धर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रध्/श्रद्धा + धृ (धातु-आधारित प्रयोग; ‘श्रद्धा धर्तुम्’)
FormTumun (infinitive)
उपेक्ष्यःto be ignored / should be disregarded
उपेक्ष्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउप-ईक्ष् (धातु)
Formण्यत् (gerundive; to be neglected/ignored), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तादृशःsuch (of that kind)
तादृशः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतादृश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्should be / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
mahīpati (a king)

Educational Q&A

When a ruler is neither useful as an ally (cannot benefit) nor dangerous as an enemy (cannot harm), and eliminating him is not appropriate, the best policy is strategic non-engagement—ignore and move on rather than waste resources.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises the king on practical governance and diplomacy, outlining how to respond to different types of rulers; here he recommends upekṣā (disregard) toward an ineffective king who is not worth alliance, hostility, or destruction.