Shloka 22
Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)
Devanagari script
पितृवत् पालयेद् वैश्यो युक्त: सर्वान् पशूनिह । विकर्म तद् भवेदन्यत् कर्म यत् स समाचरेत्
Translation
Bhishma nói: Người Vaishya phải luôn siêng năng, khéo léo chăm nom mọi loài gia súc như người cha bảo hộ con cái. Bất cứ việc gì khác ngoài những việc ấy mà người ấy làm, đối với người ấy sẽ là hành vi trái bổn phận (vikarma).
Word by Word
पितृवत्like a father
पितृवत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपितृ + वत्
FormAvyaya (comparative adverbial: 'like a father')
पालयेत्should protect / should tend
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
वैश्यःthe Vaishya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
युक्तःengaged / disciplined / properly employed
युक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (past passive participle from √युज्)
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
पशून्animals / cattle
पशून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, accusative, plural
इहhere (in this world / in this context)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
FormAvyaya
विकर्मwrong action / prohibited act
विकर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्मन्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
भवेत्would be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormVidhi-lin (optative), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
अन्यत्other (than that)
अन्यत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
कर्मaction / work
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, nominative, singular
यत्which / whatever
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, nominative/accusative, singular (relative)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
समाचरेत्should practice / should do
समाचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes