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Shloka 23

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

रक्षया स हि तेषां वै महत्‌ सुखमवाप्नुयात्‌ प्रजापतिर्हि वैश्याय सृष्टवा परिददौ पशून्‌

rakṣayā sa hi teṣāṁ vai mahat sukham avāpnuyāt | prajāpatiḥ hi vaiśyāya sṛṣṭvā paridadau paśūn ||

Bhishma nói: “Nhờ bảo hộ chúng, người ấy quả thật đạt được hạnh phúc lớn. Vì Prajāpati, sau khi tạo ra đàn gia súc, đã giao phó chúng cho giai cấp Vaiśya—đặt lên vai họ trách nhiệm chăm nom và bảo vệ.”

रक्षयाby protection/guarding
रक्षया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वैindeed/surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
महत्great
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवाप्नुयात्would obtain/should obtain
अवाप्नुयात्:
TypeVerb
Root√आप् (आप्नु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रजापतिःPrajāpati
प्रजापतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजापति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
वैश्यायto the Vaiśya
वैश्याय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
सृष्ट्वाhaving created
सृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√सृज्
Formक्त्वा (Absolutive/Gerund)
परिददौhanded over/assigned
परिददौ:
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दा/ददाति) with pari-
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पशून्cattle/animals
पशून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Prajāpati
V
Vaiśya
P
paśu (cattle/animals)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that protecting and properly caring for livestock is a dharmic responsibility—especially associated here with the Vaiśya—and that such protection yields great welfare and happiness, framing animal care as a moral and social duty entrusted by the creator.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction during the Śānti Parva, he explains duties within social order: Prajāpati created cattle and assigned their upkeep to the Vaiśya; therefore, one who safeguards them fulfills an entrusted role and gains great benefit.