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Shloka 44

राजधर्मप्रश्नः — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry into Rājadharma (Śānti-parva 56)

भवितव्यं सदा राज्ञा गर्भिणीसहधर्मिणा । कारणं च महाराज शृणु येनेदमिष्यते,महाराज! राजाका प्रजाके साथ गर्भिणी स्त्रीका-सा बर्ताव होना चाहिये। किस कारणसे ऐसा होना उचित है, यह बताता हूँ, सुनो

bhavitavyaṃ sadā rājñā garbhiṇī-sahadharmiṇā | kāraṇaṃ ca mahārāja śṛṇu yenedaṃ iṣyate ||

Bhishma nói: “Muôn tâu Đại vương, bậc trị vì phải luôn đối đãi với thần dân như đối với người vợ đang mang thai—che chở, dịu dàng và không phút nào quên lợi ích của họ. Nay xin Đại vương lắng nghe nguyên do khiến đạo lý ấy được xem là chính đáng.”

भवितव्यम्must be / is to be (to be done)
भवितव्यम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभवितव्य (भू धातु + तव्यत्)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
गर्भिणी-सहधर्मिणाwith (his) pregnant wife (his partner in dharma)
गर्भिणी-सहधर्मिणा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगर्भिणी + सहधर्मिन्
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
कारणम्the reason
कारणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
शृणुhear / listen
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (शृणोति)
Formimperative, 2nd, singular
येनby which (reason)
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
इष्यतेis considered proper / is desired
इष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छति) / इष्यते (passive)
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, passive

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahārāja (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
R
rājā (king)
G
garbhiṇī sahadharmiṇī (pregnant wife/consort as analogy)
P
prajā (subjects, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma is to protect and nurture the people with the same careful, gentle vigilance one shows toward a pregnant spouse—avoiding harm, anticipating needs, and prioritizing long-term welfare.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and introduces an analogy: the ruler must relate to the subjects with protective care; he then promises to explain the rationale for why this standard is considered proper.