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Shloka 19

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

अपेतं ब्राह्मण वृत्ताद्‌ यो हन्यादाततायिनम्‌ | न तेन ब्रह्महा स स्यान्मन्युस्तन्मन्युमृच्छति,जो ब्राह्मणोचित आचारसे भ्रष्ट होकर आततायी बन गया हो--हाथमें हथियार लेकर मारने आ रहा हो, ऐसे ब्राह्मणको मारनेसे ब्रह्महत्याका पाप नहीं लगता। क्रोध ही उसके क्रोधका सामना करता है

apetaṁ brāhmaṇa-vṛttād yo hanyād ātatāyinam | na tena brahmahā sa syān manyus tan-manyum ṛcchati ||

Vyāsa nói: “Nếu một người giết một brāhmaṇa đã lìa bỏ hạnh kiểm của bậc brāhmaṇa và trở thành ātatāyin—kẻ hung bạo cầm vũ khí đến sát hại—thì người ấy không vì thế mà mắc tội brahmahatyā (sát hại brāhmaṇa). Trong trường hợp này, chính ‘cơn phẫn nộ’ gặp ‘cơn phẫn nộ’: ý đồ bạo liệt của kẻ xâm hại được đáp lại bằng sức mạnh cần thiết để ngăn chặn nó.”

अपेतम्departed (from), fallen away
अपेतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपेत (√इ + अप-; क्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणO Brahmin
ब्राह्मण:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वृत्तात्from conduct/behavior
वृत्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्यात्should kill
हन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√हन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आततायिनम्an assailant/violent aggressor
आततायिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआततायिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेनby that (act)/thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
ब्रह्महाa slayer of a Brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मन्युःanger, wrath
मन्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Accusative, Singular
मन्युम्anger
मन्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमन्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋच्छतिattains, meets, reaches
ऋच्छति:
TypeVerb
Root√ऋच्छ् (गम्-अर्थे)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
brāhmaṇa
Ā
ātatāyin (armed aggressor)

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes status from conduct: when a brāhmaṇa abandons brahminical discipline and becomes an armed aggressor (ātatāyin), stopping him—even by killing—does not count as brahmahatyā. Moral culpability is tied to protecting life and upholding dharma against immediate lethal threat.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-discourse, Vyāsa addresses a legal-ethical doubt about violence: whether killing a brāhmaṇa can ever be justified. He answers that in the specific case of an ātatāyin attacking with weapons, the defender is not stained with the sin of killing a brāhmaṇa; the aggressor’s wrath is met by necessary counter-force.