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Shloka 42

Jarā-Mṛtyu-anatikrama: Janaka–Pañcaśikha-saṃvāda

Aging and Death Cannot Be Overstepped

अक्षरक्षरयोरेतदुक्त तव निदर्शनम्‌ । मयेह ज्ञानसम्पन्नं यथाश्रुतिनिदर्शनात्‌,राजन! वेदमें जैसा वर्णन किया गया है, उसके अनुरूप यह क्षर-अक्षरका विवेक करानेवाला ज्ञान मैंने तुम्हें सुनाया है

akṣarakṣarayor etad uktaṁ tava nidarśanam | mayeha jñānasampannaṁ yathāśruti-nidarśanāt, rājan! vedaṁ me yathā varṇitaṁ, tasya anurūpaṁ idaṁ kṣara-akṣara-viveka-kārakaṁ jñānaṁ mayā tubhyaṁ śrāvitam ||

Vasiṣṭha nói: “Ví dụ này về cái bất hoại (akṣara) và cái hoại diệt (kṣara) nay đã được nói ra để bệ hạ thấu hiểu. Ở đây, ta đã truyền đạt cho bệ hạ một giáo huấn đầy đủ chân tri, nương theo những chỉ dấu của Śruti. Ôi Đại vương, đúng như Veda đã mô tả, ta đã tụng đọc cho bệ hạ tri kiến giúp phân biệt điều biến dịch và điều bất biến.”

अक्षरक्षरयोःof the imperishable and the perishable
अक्षरक्षरयोः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर + क्षर
Formneuter, genitive, dual
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
उक्तम्said / spoken
उक्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), neuter, nominative, singular
तवof you / your
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, genitive, singular
निदर्शनम्illustration / demonstration
निदर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिदर्शन
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, instrumental, singular
इहhere / in this context
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
Formtrue
ज्ञानसम्पन्नम्endowed with knowledge / knowledgeable
ज्ञानसम्पन्नम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञानसम्पन्न
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
यथाas / according to
यथा:
Prakara
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
Formtrue
श्रुतिनिदर्शनात्from the illustration/evidence of the Śruti
श्रुतिनिदर्शनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुतिनिदर्शन
Formneuter, ablative, singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha)
राजन् (the King, addressee)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes viveka—clear discernment between kṣara (the changing, perishable realm) and akṣara (the unchanging, imperishable principle)—and asserts that this teaching is aligned with Śruti/Vedic testimony, presenting scriptural authority as the basis for right understanding.

Vasiṣṭha addresses a king and concludes or summarizes an instruction: he has provided an illustrative explanation of the imperishable and perishable, claiming it is faithful to Vedic description, and that he has now recited this discriminative knowledge to the listener.