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Shloka 21

Jarā-Mṛtyu-anatikrama: Janaka–Pañcaśikha-saṃvāda

Aging and Death Cannot Be Overstepped

तदैष तत्त्वतामेति न चापि मिश्रतां व्रजेत्‌ । प्रकृत्या चैव राजेन्द्र मिश्रो हान्यश्न दृश्यते

tadaiṣa tattvatām eti na cāpi miśratāṁ vrajet | prakṛtyā caiva rājendra miśro hāny-aśna dṛśyate ||

Vasiṣṭha nói: “Bấy giờ Chân Ngã được hiểu đúng theo thực tánh của nó và, trên thực tế, không hề đi vào sự pha trộn nào. Tuy vậy, hỡi đại vương, do sự kết hợp với Prakṛti mà nó dường như bị pha lẫn—như thể cùng chịu mất còn, được thua—nhưng kỳ thực tính biệt lập của nó vẫn nguyên vẹn. Vì thế Puruṣa vừa hiện ra như hợp với Prakṛti, lại vừa hiện ra như tách khỏi nó.”

तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formindeclinable (temporal adverb)
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तत्त्वताम्true nature / reality-state
तत्त्वताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्वता
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
एतिgoes to / attains
एति:
TypeVerb
Rootइ (एति)
Formpresent, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (conjunction)
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
Formindeclinable (particle)
मिश्रताम्mixture / mixedness
मिश्रताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमिश्रता
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
व्रजेत्would go to / would enter
व्रजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
Formoptative, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
प्रकृत्याby/with Prakriti (nature)
प्रकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (conjunction)
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable (emphasis)
राजेन्द्रO king of kings
राजेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराजेन्द्र
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
मिश्रःmixed / conjoined
मिश्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमिश्र
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
हानिloss / diminution
हानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहानि
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
अश्नुattains / experiences
अश्नु:
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
Formpresent, parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular (Vedic/epic form for अश्नोति)
दृश्यतेis seen / appears
दृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formpresent, atmanepada (passive sense), 3rd person, singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha)
राजेन्द्र (the king addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the conscious Self (puruṣa) is intrinsically distinct and unmixed, even though, due to association with Prakṛti, it appears to share in change such as gain and loss. True knowledge is recognizing this non-mixture and abiding in the Self’s separateness.

In Śānti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Vasiṣṭha addresses a king and clarifies a subtle point: the Self seems entangled with material nature and its fluctuations, but this is only an appearance arising from proximity/association; in reality the Self remains separate.