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Shloka 48

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

स लिड्जान्तरमासाद्य प्राकृतं लिड्रमव्रण: । व्रणद्वाराण्यधिष्ठाय कर्मण्यात्मनि मन्यते

sa liṅgāntaram āsādya prākṛtaṁ liṅgam avraṇaḥ | vraṇadvārāṇy adhiṣṭhāya karmaṇy ātmani manyate ||

Vasiṣṭha nói: “Tuy Puruṣa (Chân ngã) tự thân không hề có khe hở hay tì vết, nhưng nó lại đạt đến một ‘dấu ấn’ khác: một hình hài hữu thân do Prakṛti tạo tác. Ngự trị trên các căn quan trú nơi những ‘cửa ngõ’ của thân thể, nó liền cho rằng các hành vi của những căn ấy là của chính mình. Vì đồng nhất với các công cụ của tự nhiên, Chân ngã vô cấu dường như trở thành kẻ hành động và kẻ thọ hưởng.”

सःhe (that person/puruṣa)
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लिङ्ग-अन्तरम्another body/mark (another embodiment)
लिङ्ग-अन्तरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग + अन्तर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आसाद्यhaving reached/attained
आसाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), having reached/attained
प्राकृतम्made of Prakṛti; natural/material
प्राकृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राकृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
लिङ्गम्body/mark (subtle body/embodiment)
लिङ्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलिङ्ग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अव्रणःwoundless; without openings/defects
अव्रणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्रण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्रण-द्वाराणिthe wound-like doors (bodily apertures)
व्रण-द्वाराणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्रण + द्वार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
अधिष्ठायhaving presided over; occupying
अधिष्ठाय:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि + स्था
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), having presided over/occupying
कर्माणिactions/deeds
कर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
आत्मनिin the self
आत्मनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मन्यतेthinks/considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada

वसिष्ठ उवाच

वसिष्ठ (Vasiṣṭha)
पुरुष (Puruṣa)
प्रकृति (Prakṛti)
इन्द्रिय (senses/indriyas)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the pure Self (Puruṣa) is intrinsically untouched and non-agent, yet by assuming an embodied identity produced by Prakṛti and presiding over the sense-gates, it mistakenly appropriates the senses’ actions as ‘mine.’ Liberation requires seeing actions as belonging to Prakṛti’s instruments, not to the Self.

In Vasiṣṭha’s instruction within Śānti Parva’s mokṣa-oriented discourse, he explains how bondage arises: the Self associates with a Prakṛti-made body and, through identification with the senses operating via bodily openings, comes to believe it is the doer of their activities.