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Shloka 31

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

गतिं चाप्यशुभां ज्ञात्वा नूपते पापकर्मिणाम्‌ | वैतरण्यां च यद्‌ दुःखं पतितानां यमक्षये

gatiṁ cāpy aśubhāṁ jñātvā nṛpate pāpakarmiṇām | vaitaraṇyāṁ ca yad duḥkhaṁ patitānāṁ yamakṣaye pṛthvīnātha |

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, khi đã hiểu rõ số phận bất tường đang chờ kẻ tạo nghiệp ác, và cũng thấu biết nỗi khổ của những chúng sinh sa đọa nơi cõi Diêm Vương—đặc biệt là sự hành hạ trong sông Vaitaraṇī—thì người ta phải tỉnh giác, dè dặt và giữ gìn hạnh kiểm của mình.”

गतिम्course/destination
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अशुभाम्inauspicious/evil
अशुभाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
नृपतेO king
नृपते:
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पापकर्मिणाम्of evil-doers/sinful people
पापकर्मिणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपापकर्मिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
वैतरण्याम्in the Vaitaraṇī (river)
वैतरण्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवैतरणी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्which/that (what)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्suffering/pain
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पतितानाम्of the fallen (ones)
पतितानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपतित
FormMasculine/Neuter (contextual), Genitive, Plural, क्त (past passive participle from √पत्)
यमक्षयेin Yama's abode/region
यमक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयमक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yama
V
Vaitaraṇī
Y
Yamaloka (Yama’s realm)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma urges the king to recognize that sinful actions lead to an inauspicious post-mortem fate, vividly symbolized by suffering in Yama’s realm and the Vaitaraṇī; awareness of consequences should motivate ethical self-restraint and dharmic conduct.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction to the ruler, Bhishma continues a moral discourse: he points to the grim destiny of wrongdoers and invokes Yama’s domain and the Vaitaraṇī river as images of punitive suffering, strengthening his counsel on righteous governance and personal conduct.