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Shloka 16

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

द्विगुणं च रजो ज्ञात्वा सत्त्वमेकगुणं पुन: । मार्ग विज्ञाय तत्त्वेन प्रलये प्रेक्षणे तथा

dviguṇaṁ ca rajo jñātvā sattvam ekaguṇaṁ punaḥ | mārgaṁ vijñāya tattvena pralaye prekṣaṇe tathā ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi đã hiểu rằng rajas có hai mặt, còn sattva theo bản tính cốt yếu lại chỉ là một; và khi đã nhận ra—đúng như thực tại—con đường chân chính, cùng các nguyên lý của sự tan rã (pralaya) và phép tu của “nội quán” (quán sát chiêm nghiệm), thì người ấy có thể xét định các đối tượng của giác quan kèm theo những khiếm khuyết của chúng, và nhờ chánh tri mà tiến dần đến giải thoát.

द्विगुणम्twofold (as having two qualities)
द्विगुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रजःrajas (the quality of activity/passion)
रजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
सत्त्वम्sattva (the quality of clarity/goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एकगुणम्onefold (as having one quality)
एकगुणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएकगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain; further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
मार्गम्path; way
मार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विज्ञायhaving discerned/understood
विज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
तत्त्वेनby truth; in accordance with reality
तत्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रलयेin dissolution; at the time of cosmic dissolution
प्रलये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रेक्षणेin contemplation/observation
प्रेक्षणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेक्षण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes discriminative knowledge of the guṇas—especially the structure of rajas and sattva—and insists that liberation-oriented practice depends on grasping the true path along with the principles of dissolution (pralaya) and contemplative inner examination (prekṣaṇa).

In Śānti Parva, Bhishma continues his post-war instruction to Yudhishthira, shifting from external duties to inner disciplines: analysis of nature (guṇas), correct discernment of the path, and contemplative insight that supports renunciation and liberation.