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Shloka 15

Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)

षड्गुणं च मनो ज्ञात्वा नभ: पञ्चगुणं तथा । बुद्धि चतुर्गुणां ज्ञात्वा तमश्न त्रिगुणं तथा

ṣaḍguṇaṃ ca mano jñātvā nabhaḥ pañcaguṇaṃ tathā | buddhiṃ caturguṇāṃ jñātvā tamaś ca triguṇaṃ tathā ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi đã hiểu rằng tâm (manas) được đặc trưng bởi sáu phẩm tính, hư không (ākāśa) bởi năm, trí tuệ (buddhi) bởi bốn, và bóng tối/vô minh (tamas) bởi ba—người biết cấu trúc phẩm tính theo thứ bậc ấy sẽ đạt cái thấy phân định về các thành tố của kinh nghiệm. Sự phân định này nâng đỡ tâm ly tham đối với các đối tượng giác quan và làm cho người cầu đạo vững vàng trên con đường vượt khỏi mê mờ để hướng đến giải thoát.”

षड्गुणम्sixfold (having six qualities)
षड्गुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषड्गुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मनःmind
मनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
नभःsky/ether
नभः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनभस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चगुणम्fivefold (having five qualities)
पञ्चगुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
बुद्धिम्intellect
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
चतुर्गुणाम्fourfold (having four qualities)
चतुर्गुणाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्गुण
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite
तमःdarkness; tamas (quality)
तमः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रिगुणम्threefold (having three qualities)
त्रिगुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिगुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches analytical discernment: by classifying mind, space, intellect, and tamas according to their respective sets of qualities, a seeker learns to distinguish the layers of experience and loosen attachment to sense-objects—an aid to liberation-oriented knowledge (jñāna) in Sāṅkhya-Yoga.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues his philosophical exposition to the king, presenting a compact schema of how different inner and elemental principles are understood through their ‘qualities,’ as part of a broader teaching on knowledge and release.