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Shloka 14

Vidyā–Avidyā and the Twenty-Fifth Principle

Sāṃkhya–Yoga Clarification

तप: सर्वगतं तात हीनस्यापि विधीयते । जितेन्द्रियस्य दान्तस्य स्वर्गमार्गप्रवर्तकम्‌

tapaḥ sarvagataṃ tāta hīnasya api vidhīyate | jitendriyasya dāntasya svargamārga-pravartakam ||

Parāśara nói: “Hỡi con, khổ hạnh (tapas) thấm khắp mọi nơi; nó được quy định ngay cả cho người thiếu thốn hay thấp kém. Với kẻ đã chế ngự các căn và sống kỷ luật, tapas trở thành sức lực đưa người ấy bước lên con đường đến cõi trời.”

तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वगतम्all-pervading
सर्वगतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वगत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one / son (address)
तात:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
हीनस्यof one who is deficient/low
हीनस्य:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
विधीयतेis prescribed/ordained
विधीयते:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootधा (वि + धा)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive
जितेन्द्रियस्यof one who has conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियस्य:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दान्तस्यof the self-controlled
दान्तस्य:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootदान्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
स्वर्गमार्गप्रवर्तकम्that which sets in motion the path to heaven
स्वर्गमार्गप्रवर्तकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वर्गमार्गप्रवर्तक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

पराशर उवाच

पराशर (Parāśara)
तात (addressed son/disciple)
स्वर्ग (Svarga)

Educational Q&A

Tapas (austerity/discipline) is a universal prescription, not limited by social status or personal shortcomings; when joined with sense-conquest and inner discipline, it becomes a means that directs one toward higher spiritual and heavenly attainment.

In the Shanti Parva’s instructional discourse, Parāśara addresses his listener as “tāta” and emphasizes the ethical-spiritual efficacy of tapas, especially for one who has mastered the senses and cultivated disciplined conduct.