Shloka 37

Haṃsa–Sādhya Saṃvāda: Satya, Dama, Kṣamā and the Discipline of Speech

Devanagari script

सुखदु:खे समे यस्य लाभालाभौ जयाजयौ | इच्छाद्वेषौ भयोद्वेगौ सर्वथा मुक्त एव सः

Transliteration

sukha-duḥkhe same yasya lābhālābhau jayājayau | icchā-dveṣau bhayodvegau sarvathā mukta eva saḥ ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Chỉ người nào giữ cái nhìn bình đẳng trước vui và khổ, được và mất, thắng và bại—và nơi người ấy, dục vọng và ghét bỏ, sợ hãi và xao động đã bị dập tắt hoàn toàn—mới thật sự là bậc giải thoát.”

Word by Word

• सुखदुःखे: in pleasure and pain
• सुखदुःखे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख-दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Dual

• समे: equal (alike)
• समे: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Dual

• यस्य: of whom/whose
• यस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• लाभालाभौ: gain and non-gain (loss)
• लाभालाभौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: लाभ-अलाभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• जयाजयौ: victory and defeat
• जयाजयौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय-अजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• इच्छाद्वेषौ: desire and aversion
• इच्छाद्वेषौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: इच्छा-द्वेष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• भय: fear
• भय: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• उद्वेगौ: agitation/anxiety
• उद्वेगौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उद्वेग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वथा: in every way; completely
• सर्वथा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वथा

• मुक्तः: liberated; free
• मुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed; only
• एव: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Liberation is characterized by steady equanimity toward opposites (pleasure/pain, gain/loss, victory/defeat) and by the complete cessation of inner afflictions such as desire, aversion, fear, and agitation.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the path to inner peace after the war, describing the marks of a truly liberated person.