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Shloka 8

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

आसन गृहस्था भूयिष्ठा अव्युत्क्रान्ता: स्वकर्मसु । राजानश्न तथा युक्ता ब्राह्मणाश्न यथाविधि

āsan gṛhasthā bhūyiṣṭhā avyutkrāntāḥ svakarmasu | rājānaś ca tathā yuktā brāhmaṇāś ca yathāvidhi ||

Ca-tỳ-la nói: “Thuở xưa, nhiều người—đặc biệt là các gia chủ—vẫn kiên định trong bổn phận được quy định cho mình, không hề rời bỏ. Các bậc vương giả, nghiêm cẩn trong trách nhiệm, và các Bà-la-môn cũng vậy, đều thực hành những việc được truyền định đúng theo nghi lễ, với tinh thần vô tư, không cầu tư lợi.”

आसन्were
आसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), 3, plural, परस्मैपद
गृहस्थाःhouseholders
गृहस्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
भूयिष्ठाःvery many / most numerous
भूयिष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural, superlative
अव्युत्क्रान्ताःnot deviated / not having departed
अव्युत्क्रान्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्युत्क्रान्त (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from व्युत्-क्रम् with नञ्)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural, क्त (past passive participle), अ- (नञ्), व्युत्-
स्वकर्मसुin their own duties
स्वकर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, locative, plural
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाlikewise / in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
युक्ताःengaged / devoted
युक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from युज्)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural, क्त (past passive participle)
ब्राह्मणाःbrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथाविधिaccording to rule / duly
यथाविधि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा + विधि (प्रातिपदिक)

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
K
Kings (rājānaḥ)
B
Brahmins (brāhmaṇāḥ)
H
Householders (gṛhasthāḥ)

Educational Q&A

Kapila emphasizes that spiritual and ethical excellence does not require abandoning the householder life; rather, one should remain steady in one’s own prescribed duties and perform them properly (yathāvidhi) with disciplined, selfless intent (niṣkāma-bhāva).

Kapila is citing the precedent of earlier times: many householders—including kings and Brahmins—fulfilled their respective roles without deviating from duty, illustrating that dharma can be upheld through faithful performance of one’s social and ritual responsibilities.