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Shloka 45

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

समाप्तं त्याग इत्येव सर्ववेदेषु निष्ठितम्‌ । संतोष इत्यनुगतमपवर्गे प्रतेष्ठितम्‌

samāptaṁ tyāga ity eva sarvavedeṣu niṣṭhitam | santoṣa ity anugatam apavarge pratiṣṭhitam ||

Kapila nói: “Kết luận chỉ có một: ly xả (tyāga). Điều ấy được xác lập như giáo huấn đã định trong toàn thể các Veda. Thực tại ấy—hiện diện trong muôn loài như sự tri túc (santoṣa)—đứng vững trong apavarga, tức giải thoát (mokṣa).”

समाप्तम्completed; concluded
समाप्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाप्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
त्यागःrenunciation
त्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; as
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सर्ववेदेषुin all the Vedas
सर्ववेदेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववेद
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
निष्ठितम्established; settled
निष्ठितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्ठित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
संतोषःcontentment
संतोषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंतोष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; as
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अनुगतम्pervading; following; accompanying
अनुगतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुगत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अपवर्गेin liberation (moksha)
अपवर्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअपवर्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रतिष्ठितम्firmly established
प्रतिष्ठितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिष्ठित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
V
Vedas
A
Apavarga (Moksha)

Educational Q&A

The verse asserts that the final, Veda-confirmed conclusion is tyāga (renunciation): letting go of attachment and possessiveness. This inner renunciation matures into santoṣa (contentment), which is portrayed as pervading life and culminating in apavarga (liberation).

In Śānti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Kapila is presenting a doctrinal summary: he states what he regards as the settled Vedic endpoint—renunciation—and links it with the inner state of contentment and the ultimate goal of mokṣa.