Shloka 33

परिव्राजक-आचारः (Conduct of the Wandering Renunciant) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 269

Devanagari script

स्यूमराश्मिर्वाच ये भुज्जते ये ददते यजन्तेडधीयते च ये । मात्राभिरुपलब्धाभिरयें वा त्यागं समाश्रिता:

Transliteration

syūmarāśmir uvāca—ye bhuñjate ye dadate yajante ’dhīyate ca ye | mātrābhir upalabdhābhir ye vā tyāgaṃ samāśritāḥ ||

Translation

Syūmarāśmi nói: “Bạch Bà-la-môn, trong số những người, với chút phương tiện mình có được, (1) chỉ hưởng thụ, (2) bố thí, (3) dùng của cải vào tế lễ, (4) chuyên cần học kinh điển, hoặc (5) nương tựa nơi xả ly—ai là người, sau khi chết, giành được thắng lợi nổi trội nhất ở cõi trời? Tôi hỏi với lòng cầu tri chân thành; xin hãy nói cho tôi trọn vẹn và đúng như thật.”

Word by Word

• स्यूमराश्मिः: Syūmarāshmi (speaker)
• स्यूमराश्मिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्यूमराश्मि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भुञ्जते: enjoy/consume
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ददते: give (donate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• यजन्ते: sacrifice/perform worship
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• अधीयते: studies (Veda)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि-इ
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मात्राभिः: by measures/means (limited means)
• मात्राभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मात्रा
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural

• उपलब्धाभिः: obtained/acquired
• उपलब्धाभिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-लभ्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)

• अये: these (persons)
• अये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अयम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• त्यागम्: renunciation
• त्यागम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्याग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समाश्रिताः: having resorted to
• समाश्रिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-आ-श्रि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past active/participial usage)

Speaker

कपिल उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Syūmarāśmi
• Brahmin (addressed interlocutor)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames an ethical inquiry about the best use of limited, acquired resources—enjoyment, charity, sacrifice, sacred study, or renunciation—and asks which orientation most powerfully leads to posthumous heavenly attainment.

What is happening in the narrative?

Syūmarāśmi questions a Brahmin interlocutor (in the Kapila-related discourse) about comparative spiritual outcomes of different life-choices regarding wealth and practice, seeking a definitive, truthful ranking with respect to attaining heaven after death.