Shloka 10

Jājali–Tulādhāra-saṃvāda: Yajña, Vṛtti, and Ātma-tīrtha (जाजलि-तुलाधार-संवादः)

Devanagari script

तस्मै स सर्वमाचष्ट यथावृत्तं जनेश्वर: । शन्रुभिग्रहणं संख्ये पुत्रस्य मरणं तथा

Transliteration

tasmai sa sarvam ācakṣṭa yathāvṛttaṃ janeśvaraḥ | śatrubhir grahaṇaṃ saṅkhye putrasya maraṇaṃ tathā ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: Bấy giờ nhà vua, bậc chúa tể của muôn dân, đã thuật lại cho ngài mọi việc đúng như đã xảy ra—rằng giữa chiến địa ông đã bị quân thù bắt giữ ra sao, và con trai ông đã tử trận thế nào. Câu kệ nhấn mạnh trọng lượng đạo đức của lời tường thuật chân thật và sự điềm tĩnh chấp nhận hệ quả của chiến tranh.

Word by Word

• तस्मै: to him
• तस्मै: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आचष्ट: told, related
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-चक्ष्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यथा-वृत्तम्: as it happened, exactly as occurred
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: वृत्त (वृत्तम्)

• जन-ईश्वरः: the lord of men (king)
• जन-ईश्वरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन + ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रु-भिः: by enemies
• शत्रु-भिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• ग्रहणम्: seizure, capture
• ग्रहणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रहण
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सङ्ख्ये: in battle
• सङ्ख्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ख्य
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• पुत्रस्य: of (his) son
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• मरणम्: death
• मरणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरण
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: and also, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• the king (janeśvara)
• enemies (śatru)
• the son (putra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights satya (truthfulness) and responsibility: a ruler should present events as they truly occurred, especially when reporting grave matters like defeat, captivity, and bereavement, without distortion or self-justification.

What is happening in the narrative?

A king recounts to his listener (contextually, Narada) the full sequence of events—his capture by enemies during battle and the death of his son—setting the stage for counsel on dharma and the consequences of warfare.