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Shloka 23

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

चतुर्थे चायुष: शेषे वानप्रस्थाश्रमं त्यजेत्‌ । सद्यस्कारां निरूप्येष्टिं सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम्‌

caturthe cāyuṣaḥ śeṣe vānaprasthāśramaṃ tyajet | sadyaskārāṃ nirūpyeṣṭiṃ sarvavedasadakṣiṇām ||

Vyāsa nói: Khi phần tư thứ tư và cũng là phần cuối của đời người còn lại, người ta nên từ bỏ giai đoạn sống rừng (vānaprastha). Sau khi sắp đặt các nghi lễ cần làm ngay và thiết lập một lễ tế kèm theo các phẩm vật cúng dường (dakṣiṇā) đúng như mọi Veda quy định, người ấy hãy bước tiếp—đánh dấu sự chuyển hóa đạo hạnh từ bổn phận gia thất và nghi lễ sang sự xuất ly trọn vẹn.

चतुर्थेin the fourth (stage/part)
चतुर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आयुषःof life
आयुषः:
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
शेषेin the remainder
शेषे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशेष
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वानप्रस्थाश्रमम्the forest-dweller stage (vānaprastha-āśrama)
वानप्रस्थाश्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवानप्रस्थाश्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सद्यःimmediately
सद्यः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसद्यः
काराम्the rite/act (kārā)
काराम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकारा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निरूप्यhaving arranged/appointed
निरूप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्-रूप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund, -ya), Parasmaipada (usage)
इष्टिम्a sacrifice (iṣṭi)
इष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम्having all the Vedas as its dakṣiṇā (fee)
सर्ववेदसदक्षिणाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्ववेदसदक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
V
vānaprastha-āśrama
V
Vedas
I
iṣṭi (sacrificial rite)
D
dakṣiṇā (priestly gift/fee)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches āśrama-dharma: as life enters its final quarter, one should let go of the forest-dweller stage and, after duly completing necessary rites and Veda-sanctioned sacrificial obligations with proper gifts, move toward full renunciation and spiritual single-mindedness.

Vyāsa is laying down a normative guideline for the progression of life-stages. He describes the transition point late in life: completing remaining ritual responsibilities (including an iṣṭi with appropriate dakṣiṇā) and then abandoning vānaprastha, implying the next step toward a renunciate ideal.