Shloka 3

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

तदेतदुपशान्तेन दान्तेनाध्यात्मशीलिना

Transliteration

tadetadupaśāntena dāntenādhyātmaśīlinā

Translation

Giáo huấn này cần được tiếp nhận và sống theo bởi người đã an tịnh nội tâm, tự chế, và chuyên tâm vào kỷ luật của Tự Ngã—để lời dạy trở thành sự chuyển hóa đạo hạnh chứ không chỉ là tri thức.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• उपशान्तेन: by/with one who is calmed, tranquil
• उपशान्तेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपशान्त
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• दान्तेन: by/with one who is self-controlled
• दान्तेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दान्त
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• अध्यात्मशीलिना: by/with one devoted to the inner self/spiritual discipline
• अध्यात्मशीलिना: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अध्यात्मशीलिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes eligibility for higher instruction: true understanding arises in a person who is tranquil, senses-controlled, and committed to inner spiritual discipline. Ethical maturity and inner restraint are presented as prerequisites for assimilating dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa continues a didactic passage in the Śānti Parva, indicating the kind of listener or practitioner suited to receive the preceding or forthcoming teaching—someone calm, disciplined, and oriented toward adhyātma.