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Shloka 16

Śaṅkha–Likhita Upākhyāna: Daṇḍa, Confession, and the Purification of Kingship (शङ्ख-लिखितोपाख्यानम्)

“महातेजस्वी युधिष्ठिर! दैवका मारा हुआ राजा कार्य करनेके समय जिस कार्यको नहीं सिद्ध कर पाता, उसमें उसका कोई दोष या अपराध नहीं बताया जाता है ।।

mahātejasvī yudhiṣṭhira! daivakā mārā-huā rājā kārya-karaṇe samaye yasmin kārye na siddhiṃ prāpnoti, tasmin tasya na kaścid doṣo nāparādho 'bhidhīyate. tarasā buddhipūrvam vā nigrāhyā eva śatravaḥ; pāpaiḥ saha na sandadhyād, rājyaṃ paṇyaṃ na kārayet.

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira oai lực! Khi một vị vua bị số mệnh đánh gục và vào lúc hành sự không thể hoàn tất công việc, người ta không quy lỗi hay tội cho sự thất bại ấy. Nhưng kẻ thù phải bị kiềm chế—hoặc nhanh như sấm sét, hoặc bằng trí tuệ thận trọng. Chớ kết minh với kẻ ác; cũng chớ biến vương quốc thành món hàng để mua bán, mặc cả.”

तरसाby force, with violence
तरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
बुद्धिपूर्वम्with forethought, deliberately
बुद्धिपूर्वम्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबुद्धिपूर्व
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
निग्राह्याःto be restrained, should be checked
निग्राह्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिग्राह्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पापैःwith sinners / with evil men
पापैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संदध्यात्should make alliance / should associate
संदध्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-धा
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पण्यम्merchandise; (also) a stake/wager
पण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कारयेत्should not cause to be done / should not have done
कारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Causative present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājā (the king, generic)
Ś
śatravaḥ (enemies, generic)
R
rājya (kingdom, generic)

Educational Q&A

The verse balances compassion and accountability: failures caused by destiny are not treated as moral guilt, yet a ruler must still act decisively and intelligently—restraining enemies, avoiding alliances with the wicked, and never reducing sovereignty to something to be bought and sold.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Vaiśampāyana addresses Yudhiṣṭhira, summarizing principles of governance: how to judge failure under the pressure of fate, how to handle hostile forces, and what kinds of political compromises are ethically unacceptable.