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Shloka 31

अध्यात्म-तत्त्व-निर्णयः

Adhyātma Taxonomy: Elements, Faculties, and Guṇas

अक्षरं च क्षरं चैव द्वैधीभावो5यमात्मन: । क्षर: सर्वेषु भूतेषु दिव्यं तमृतमक्षरम्‌

akṣaraṃ ca kṣaraṃ caiva dvaidhībhāvo ’yam ātmanaḥ | kṣaraḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu divyaṃ tad amṛtam akṣaram ||

Vyāsa giải thích rằng Tự ngã được nói theo hai mặt: hữu hoại và bất hoại. Trong mọi loài, nó hiện ra như hữu hoại—chịu biến đổi và tan rã—nhưng thực tại thần diệu, bất tử ở bên trong là bất hoại, là chân lý bền vững không hư mục. Lời dạy hướng người nghe phân biệt phần tạm bợ của đời sống hữu thân với nguyên lý vĩnh cửu làm nền cho sự vững vàng đạo đức và tự do nội tâm.

अक्षरम्the imperishable (principle)
अक्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षरम्the perishable (principle)
क्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
द्वैधीभावःthe state of being twofold
द्वैधीभावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्वैधीभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनःof the Self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
क्षरःthe perishable (aspect)
क्षरः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootक्षर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वेषुin all
सर्वेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
भूतेषुin beings
भूतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
दिव्यम्divine
दिव्यम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अमृतम्deathless/immortal
अमृतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अक्षरम्imperishable
अक्षरम्:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Ā
Ātman

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches discernment between two aspects attributed to the Self: the perishable manifestation seen in embodied existence and the imperishable, deathless reality that is divine and unchanging. Ethical steadiness arises from anchoring one’s identity in the imperishable rather than the transient.

In the didactic setting of Śānti Parva, Vyāsa is presenting a philosophical clarification to guide the listener toward peace: he frames the Self in a twofold description—mutable in its worldly appearance across beings, yet truly immortal and imperishable in its essential nature.