Shloka 35

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

संतुष्टभृत्यसचिवा: कृतज्ञा: प्रियवादिन: । यथार्हमानार्थकरा ह्वलीनिषेवा यतव्रता:

Transliteration

santuṣṭa-bhṛtya-sacivāḥ kṛtajñāḥ priyavādinaḥ | yathārham anārthakarā hrī-niṣevā yatavratāḥ ||

Translation

Śakra nói: “Họ làm cho gia nhân và các đại thần được an lòng; họ biết ơn và nói lời hòa nhã. Họ kính trọng mỗi người đúng phận, không gây tổn hại hay mất mát cho ai, nuôi dưỡng đức khiêm thẹn, và giữ các lời nguyện cùng kỷ luật nghiêm cẩn.”

Word by Word

• सन्तुष्ट: satisfied (having been satisfied)
• सन्तुष्ट: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सन्तुष्ट (√तुष् + सम्, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भृत्य: by/with servants
• भृत्य: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सचिवाः: ministers, advisers
• सचिवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सचिव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कृतज्ञाः: grateful
• कृतज्ञाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रियवादिनः: sweet-spoken
• प्रियवादिनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रियवादिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यथार्हम्: as is proper, duly
• यथार्हम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा + अर्ह (यथार्हम्)

• अनर्थकराः: not causing harm/misfortune
• अनर्थकराः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनर्थकर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ह्री: modesty, shame (sense of propriety)
• ह्री: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ह्री
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• निषेवाः: practising, resorting to
• निषेवाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निषेव (√सेव् + नि, घञ्/अ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• यतव्रताः: observing restrained vows; disciplined in vows
• यतव्रताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यतव्रत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• servants (bhṛtyāḥ)
• ministers/counselors (sacivāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler’s dharma is shown through humane administration: keep officials and dependents content, speak kindly, be grateful, honor people appropriately, avoid causing harm, cultivate modesty, and maintain disciplined vows—these traits sustain social order and moral authority.

What is happening in the narrative?

Indra (Śakra) is describing exemplary conduct—listing the virtues and administrative habits of ideal leaders/people—emphasizing ethical governance and personal restraint as marks of dharmic rule.