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Shloka 104

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

ईरष्याभिमानलोभेषु कामक्रोधभयेषु च

īrṣyābhimānalobheṣu kāmakrodhabhayeṣu ca

Bhīṣma nói: “Trong lòng ghen ghét, kiêu mạn và tham lam—cũng như trong dục vọng, giận dữ và sợ hãi—(phải luôn cảnh giác), vì những lực nội tâm ấy làm rối loạn phán đoán và kéo con người rời xa hạnh hạnh theo chính pháp.”

ईरष्याin envy/jealousy
ईरष्या:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootईरष्या
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अभिमानin pride/egoism
अभिमान:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमान
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
लोभेषुin greed(s)
लोभेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
कामin desire
काम:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रोधin anger
क्रोध:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भयेषुin fear(s)
भयेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma highlights key inner vices—jealousy, pride, greed, desire, anger, and fear—as major disruptors of discernment; ethical life (dharma) requires recognizing and restraining these impulses before they drive harmful speech and action.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīṣma continues a didactic sequence on right conduct and mental discipline, listing emotional states that commonly cause a person to deviate from dharma.