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Shloka 13

Prahlāda–Indra Saṃvāda: Kartṛtva (Agency) and Svabhāva (Nature) in the Causation of Karma

रजोभूतैर्हि करणै: कर्मणि प्रतिपद्यते । स दु:खं प्राप्प लोकेडस्मिन्‌ नरकायोपपद्यते | तस्मान्मनोवाक्‌शरीरैराचरेद्‌ धैर्यमात्मन:

rajobhūtair hi karaṇaiḥ karmaṇi pratipadyate | sa duḥkhaṃ prāpya loke 'smin narakāyopapadyate | tasmān manovākśarīrair ācaret dhairyam ātmanaḥ |

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi các căn bị thúc đẩy bởi tính rajas, con người bị đẩy vào những hành động nhằm hưởng thụ dục lạc. Gặt lấy khổ đau ngay trong đời này, rốt cuộc người ấy trở nên đáng rơi vào địa ngục. Vì vậy, bằng tâm, lời nói và thân, hãy thực hành những điều đem lại cho mình sự vững chãi và tự chế.”

रजोभूतैःby rajas-affected (ones)
रजोभूतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootरजोभूत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
करणैःby the instruments (senses)
करणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकरण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कर्मणिin action/into activity
कर्मणि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रतिपद्यतेenters upon/engages in
प्रतिपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√पद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained/after experiencing
प्राप्य:
TypeVerb
Root√आप् (प्र-√आप्)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नरकायto hell
नरकाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
उपपद्यतेgoes/attains (is born) into
उपपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√पद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
मनःby mind
मनः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाक्by speech
वाक्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
शरीरैःby bodies/with the body (bodily acts)
शरीरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
आचरेत्should practice/should do
आचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√चर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धैर्यम्steadfastness/fortitude
धैर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधैर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Actions driven by rajas (passionate, restless desire) lead first to suffering in this life and ultimately to a hellish destiny; therefore one should discipline conduct through mind, speech, and body to cultivate dhairya—steadiness and self-control.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhishma continues advising the listener about the moral psychology of the guṇas: how rajas impels sense-oriented action and how restraint across thought, speech, and bodily behavior is the remedy.