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Shloka 15

अव्यक्त–व्यक्त–कारणकार्यविवेकः

Avyakta–Vyakta and Causality: Discrimination of Field and Knower

प्रणीतं कर्मणा मार्ग नीयमान: पुन: पुनः । प्राप्रोत्ययं कर्मफल प्रवृत्तं धर्ममाप्तवान्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | praṇītaṃ karmaṇā mārgaṃ nīyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ | prāpnoty ayaṃ karmaphalaṃ pravṛttaṃ dharmam āptavān |

Bhīṣma nói: Kẻ nương tựa vào hành động bị chi phối bởi sự dấn thân thế tục—công và tội—thì bị chính nghiệp của mình dẫn dắt hết lần này đến lần khác trở lại con đường của nghiệp. Vì thế, bị khiến phải lang thang trong vòng luân hồi, người ấy liên tiếp thọ nhận quả nghiệp dưới hình thức lạc và khổ.

प्रणीतम्led/impelled, conducted
प्रणीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नी (धातु) → प्रणीत (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कर्मणाby action/karma
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मार्गम्path
मार्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नीयमानःbeing led (again and again)
नीयमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनी (धातु) → नीयमान (वर्तमान-कर्मणि कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
प्राप्नोतिattains/obtains
प्राप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप् (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्मफलम्fruit/result of action
कर्मफलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवृत्तम्arisen/ensued, set in motion
प्रवृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-वृत् (धातु) → प्रवृत्त (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आप्तवान्has obtained/attained
आप्तवान्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआप् (धातु) → आप्तवत् (कृदन्त, क्तवत्)
FormPerfective (past sense via kṛdanta kta-vat), Singular, Masculine, Nominative

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Attachment to pravṛtti-oriented action (merit–demerit producing deeds) keeps the being bound to samsāra: karma itself repeatedly drives one along the karmic path, yielding inevitable results as sukha and duḥkha.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising on dharma and liberation-oriented reflection, explaining to the listener that worldly action governed by merit and demerit causes repeated wandering and repeated experience of karmic fruits.