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Shloka 11

प्रजापतयः देवगणाश्च दिशि-दिशि स्थिताः ऋषयः

Prajāpatis, Deva-Groups, and the Ṛṣis Assigned to the Directions

इष्टं च मे स्यादितरच्च न स्या- देतत्कृते कर्मविधि: प्रवृत्त: । इष्ट त्वनिष्टं च न मां भजेते- त्येतत्कृते ज्ञानविधि: प्रवृत्त:

iṣṭaṃ ca me syāditaracca na syād etat-kṛte karma-vidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ | iṣṭa tv aniṣṭaṃ ca na māṃ bhajetety etat-kṛte jñāna-vidhiḥ pravṛttaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Nguyện điều đáng ưa đến với ta, và điều khác với nó (điều không đáng ưa) đừng đến—vì mục đích ấy mà kỷ luật của nghi lễ hành động đã được khởi động. Nhưng để cho cả điều đáng ưa lẫn điều không đáng ưa đều không bám dính vào ta—vì mục đích ấy mà kỷ luật của tri thức đã được khởi động.”

इष्टम्the desired (object)
इष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट (√इष्/इच्छ्-धातु से निष्पन्न कृदन्त, ‘desired’)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मेto/for me; of me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Dative/Genitive, Singular
स्यात्may be / should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू/अस्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतरत्the other (i.e., the undesired)
इतरत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Pronoun
Rootइतर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्may not be / should not be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (भू/अस्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृतेfor the sake of; on account of
कृते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun (used as postposition-like)
Rootकृत (√कृ)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
कर्मविधिःthe injunction/procedure of action (ritual duty)
कर्मविधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवृत्तःset in motion; undertaken
प्रवृत्तः:
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootप्रवृत्त (√वृत् + प्र)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इष्टम्the desired
इष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट (√इष्/इच्छ्-धातु से निष्पन्न कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अनिष्टम्the undesired
अनिष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिष्ट (इष्ट का नकार)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
भजेतmay partake of / may befall / may attach to
भजेत:
TypeVerb
Root√भज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृतेfor the sake of
कृते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun (used as postposition-like)
Rootकृत (√कृ)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
ज्ञानविधिःthe injunction/discipline of knowledge (jnana-yoga)
ज्ञानविधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानविधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवृत्तःset in motion; undertaken
प्रवृत्तः:
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootप्रवृत्त (√वृत् + प्र)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Manu

Educational Q&A

Two distinct aims are contrasted: karma (prescribed action) is pursued to obtain the desired and avoid the undesired, whereas jñāna (wisdom) is taught so that one transcends both—becoming free from attachment to outcomes and from the dualities of pleasure and pain.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he explains, with reference to Manu’s viewpoint, why disciplines of action and knowledge are taught: action for managing worldly outcomes, and knowledge for liberation from outcome-dependence itself.