Shloka 35
मनु-उपदेशः — भूत-उत्पत्ति, इन्द्रिय-निवृत्ति, तथा पर-स्वभाव-विवेकः
Manu’s Instruction on Elemental Origination, Sense-Withdrawal, and Discrimination of the Supreme Nature
अतुष्टि: परितापश्च शोको लोभस्तथाक्षमा | लिज्रानि रजसस्तानि दृश्यन्ते हेत्वहेतुभि:
atuṣṭiḥ paritāpaś ca śoko lobhas tathākṣamā | liṅgāni rajasas tāni dṛśyante hetv-ahetubhiḥ ||
Bhīṣma nói: Khi—dù có nguyên do hay không thấy nguyên do—người ta biểu lộ sự bất mãn, nỗi bức bối nội tâm, sầu muộn, lòng tham và tính không chịu đựng, thì phải hiểu đó là những dấu hiệu của rajas (tính chất đam mê và khuấy động).
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma identifies psychological and ethical symptoms—dissatisfaction, distress, grief, greed, and intolerance—as diagnostic marks of rajas. The teaching is to recognize these agitating tendencies in oneself (even when they arise without clear external cause) and understand them as rajas-driven states that obstruct steadiness and dharmic clarity.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on conduct and inner discipline, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira by classifying mental dispositions according to the guṇas. Here he explains how rajas can be recognized through observable emotions and reactions.