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Shloka 15

मनु-उपदेशः — भूत-उत्पत्ति, इन्द्रिय-निवृत्ति, तथा पर-स्वभाव-विवेकः

Manu’s Instruction on Elemental Origination, Sense-Withdrawal, and Discrimination of the Supreme Nature

पुरुषैरिन्द्रियाणीह वेदितव्यानि कृत्स्नश: । तमो रजश्न सत्त्वं च तेडपि भावास्तदाश्रिता:

puruṣair indriyāṇīha veditavyāni kṛtsnaśaḥ | tamo rajaś ca sattvaṃ ca te 'pi bhāvās tad-āśritāḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Ở đời này, con người phải hiểu thấu và gìn giữ các căn của mình (cùng những năng lực nội tâm dẫn dắt chúng). Bởi ba guṇa—tamas, rajas và sattva—vận hành nương tựa chính nơi những khí cụ ấy.”

पुरुषैःby men; by persons
पुरुषैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
इन्द्रियाणिthe senses
इन्द्रियाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
इहhere; in this world/context
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
वेदितव्यानिare to be known; should be understood
वेदितव्यानि:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural, obligation/necessity (to be known)
कृत्स्नशःentirely; completely; in full
कृत्स्नशः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृत्स्नशः
तमःtamas; darkness/inertia
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजःrajas; passion/activity
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and (Vedic/epic connective); also (here as conjunction)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्त्वम्sattva; clarity/goodness
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भावाःstates; entities; conditions
भावाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाश्रिताःdependent on that; resting on that
तदाश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतद्-आश्रित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
I
indriyas (senses)
T
tamas
R
rajas
S
sattva

Educational Q&A

One should vigilantly know and regulate the senses and inner faculties, because the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) express themselves through them; mastery of conduct begins with mastery of these instruments.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira on ethical and psychological discipline, emphasizing sense-awareness and governance as the basis for stable character and right action.