Shloka 18

त्रिवर्गविचारः

Tri-varga Deliberation: Dharma, Artha, Kāma

Devanagari script

काम॑ क्रोधं च लोभं॑ च दर्प स्तम्भं विकत्थनम्‌ । रोषमीर्यावमानं च नैव दान्तो निषेवते

Transliteration

kāmaṁ krodhaṁ ca lobhaṁ ca darpa-stambhaṁ vikatthanam | roṣam īrṣyāvamānaṁ ca naiva dānto niṣevate, kurunandana ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: “Hỡi niềm vui của dòng Kuru, người đã làm chủ tâm và các căn không buông mình vào những tật xấu này—dục vọng, sân hận, tham lam, kiêu mạn, cố chấp cứng đầu, phô trương khoe khoang, thịnh nộ, ganh tị, và khinh miệt người khác.”

Word by Word

• कामम्: desire
• कामम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• क्रोधम्: anger
• क्रोधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• लोभम्: greed
• लोभम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोभ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दर्पम्: arrogance
• दर्पम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्प
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• स्तम्भम्: stubbornness/rigidity
• स्तम्भम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तम्भ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विकत्थनम्: boasting
• विकत्थनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विकत्थन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• रोषम्: wrath
• रोषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ईर्ष्याम्: envy
• ईर्ष्याम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईर्ष्या
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• अवमानम्: insult/disrespect
• अवमानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवमान
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• एव: indeed/at all
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• दान्तः: self-controlled (tamed)
• दान्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दान्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निषेवते: resorts to/indulges in
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-सेव्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• कुरुनन्दन: O joy of the Kurus
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु-नन्दन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Kurunandana (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A truly disciplined person (dānta), having subdued mind and senses, avoids a defined cluster of inner vices—desire, anger, greed, pride, stubborn rigidity, boasting, wrath, envy, and contempt—because these undermine dharma and inner peace.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous living and governance after the war. Here he lists the faults that a self-controlled person does not practice, as part of a broader ethical training.