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Mahabharata — Shanti Parva, Shloka 11

आपद्धर्मनिर्णयः — विश्वामित्र-श्वपचसंवादः

Apaddharma Determination: Dialogue of Viśvāmitra and the Śvapaca

ऋते शान्तनवाद्‌ भीष्मात्‌ सत्यसंधाज्जितेन्द्रियात्‌ । तदन्विष्य महाभाग सर्वमेतद्‌ वदस्व मे

ṛte śāntanavād bhīṣmāt satyasaṃdhāj jitendriyāt | tad anvīṣya mahābhāga sarvam etad vadasva me, paraṃtapa pitāmaha ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Ngoài Bhīṣma, con của Śāntanu—bậc giữ trọn lời chân thật và chế ngự các căn—không ai có thể giảng giải điều này cho đúng. Vậy nên, bậc đại phúc, xin hãy tra xét cẩn mật mà nói cho con tất cả, hỡi bậc thiêu đốt kẻ thù, thưa Tổ phụ. Việc này là tối thượng trong mọi việc; và người xứng đáng để nghe cũng thật hiếm hoi.”

ऋतेexcept, without
ऋते:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
Formupapada governing ablative; meaning 'except/without'
शान्तनवात्from Śāntanu (i.e., Śāntanu's line/son)
शान्तनवात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनु
Formmasculine; ablative; singular
भीष्मात्from Bhīṣma
भीष्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
Formmasculine; ablative; singular
सत्यसंधात्from the truth-vowed one
सत्यसंधात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यसंध
Formmasculine; ablative; singular
जितेन्द्रियात्from the self-controlled one
जितेन्द्रियात्:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
Formmasculine; ablative; singular
तत्that (matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter; accusative; singular
अन्विष्यhaving investigated
अन्विष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-इष्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय/ल्यप्); 'having searched/inquired'
महाभागO fortunate one
महाभाग:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाभाग
Formmasculine; vocative; singular
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formneuter; accusative; singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter; accusative; singular
वदस्वtell, speak
वदस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
Formimperative; 2nd person; singular; parasmaipada
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formdative; singular (enclitic)
परंतपO scorcher of foes
परंतप:
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
Formmasculine; vocative; singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
Formmasculine; vocative; singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes epistemic humility and ethical authority: profound dharma is best learned from a qualified teacher—one grounded in truth (satyasaṃdha) and self-mastery (jitendriya). It also highlights that the highest duties require careful inquiry (anvīṣya) and a worthy listener.

In the Śānti Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira, seeking guidance after the war, turns to Bhīṣma lying on the bed of arrows. He declares Bhīṣma uniquely qualified to explain the matter at hand and requests a complete, carefully considered exposition.