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Shloka 12

Bala and Dharma in Kṣatriya Governance (बल-धर्म सम्बन्धः)

हतो वा दिवमारोहेद्धत्वा वा क्षितिमावसेत्‌ । युद्धे हि संत्यजन्‌ प्राणान्‌ शक्रस्यैति सलोकताम्‌

hato vā divam ārohed dhatvā vā kṣitim āvaset | yuddhe hi saṃtyajan prāṇān śakrasya eti salokatām ||

Bhīṣma tuyên bố: Trong chiến trận, người chiến sĩ đứng trước hai ngả nghiệt ngã—nếu bị giết, sẽ lên cõi trời; nếu giết được kẻ thù, sẽ ở lại hưởng vương quyền trên đất. Ai xả thân ngay trong lúc giao chiến thì được về đồng cư với Indra.

हतःkilled (being slain)
हतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
दिवम्heaven
दिवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिव् (प्रातिपदिक: दिव)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आरोहेत्may ascend
आरोहेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रुह् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत्वा (क्त्वान्त)
FormAbsolutive (ktvā)
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
क्षितिम्earth; land
क्षितिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षिति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आवसेत्may dwell; may rule/inhabit
आवसेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-वस् (धातु)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सन्त्यजन्abandoning; giving up
सन्त्यजन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-त्यज् (धातु) → सन्त्यजत् (शतृ) (प्रातिपदिक: सन्त्यजन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Present active (śatṛ)
प्राणान्life-breaths; lives
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शक्रस्यof Śakra (Indra)
शक्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एतिgoes; attains
एति:
TypeVerb
Rootइ (धातु)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स-लोकताम्the state of being in the same world (as him)
स-लोकताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोकता (प्रातिपदिक) with उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद स-
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śakra (Indra)
D
Diva (Svarga/heaven)
K
Kṣiti (earth/earthly kingdom)
Y
Yuddha (battle)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames battle-duty in terms of dharmic resolve and its fruits: a warrior who does not shrink from combat gains either earthly sovereignty if victorious or heavenly attainment—specifically Indra’s realm—if he dies while fighting.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs on righteous conduct and social duties; here he articulates a traditional kṣatriya rationale for steadfastness in war, contrasting the outcomes of being slain versus slaying the enemy, and linking death in battle to reaching Śakra’s world.