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Shloka 40

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

उपमामत्र वक्ष्यामि धर्मतत्त्वप्रकाशिनीम्‌ । यूपं छिन्दन्ति यज्ञार्थ तत्र ये परिपन्थिन:

upamām atra vakṣyāmi dharmatattvaprakāśinīm | yūpaṃ chindanti yajñārthaṃ tatra ye paripanथinaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Nay ta sẽ nêu một ví dụ soi sáng chân lý của dharma. Khi người ta đốn gỗ cho yajña để làm yūpa (cột tế), họ hạ cây đã chọn; và khi kéo nó ra, những cây lân cận nào cản đường cũng bị chặt. Những cây ấy khi ngã xuống thường làm gãy đổ cả các loài cây cỏ khác.”

उपमाम्simile, comparison
उपमाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपमा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
वक्ष्यामिI shall speak/tell
वक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), First, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मतत्त्वप्रकाशिनीम्revealing the truth/principle of dharma
धर्मतत्त्वप्रकाशिनीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मतत्त्वप्रकाशिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
यूपम्sacrificial post
यूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयूप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
छिन्दन्तिthey cut
छिन्दन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootछिद्
FormPresent (Laṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यज्ञार्थम्for the sake of sacrifice
यज्ञार्थम्:
Prayojana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयज्ञार्थ
तत्रthere, in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
येwho, those who
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिपन्थिनःobstructors, those who stand in the way
परिपन्थिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिपन्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
yajña
Y
yūpa
T
tree (vṛkṣa)
F
forest plants/vegetation (vanaspati)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma uses a ritual analogy to show that actions undertaken for a chosen end (even a sacred one) can produce unavoidable secondary harm; therefore dharma must be understood with attention to consequences, not merely intention.

Bhīṣma begins an illustrative comparison: to make a sacrificial post, people cut a tree and, while extracting it, also cut obstructing trees; the falling trees further damage other plants—an image of cascading effects caused by a single purposeful act.