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Shloka 60

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

माता पिता च भ्राता च भार्या चैव पुरोहित: । नादण्ड्यो विद्यते राज्ञो यः स्वधर्मे न तिष्ठति

mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā caiva purohitaḥ | nādaṇḍyo vidyate rājño yaḥ svadharme na tiṣṭhati ||

Bhīṣma thưa: Đối với bậc quân vương, không ai được miễn hình phạt—dù là mẹ, cha, anh em, vợ, hay cả vị tế sư của triều đình—nếu người ấy không đứng vững trong bổn phận (dharma) của mình. Công lý của người trị vì phải hộ trì dharma: buộc mọi người, kể cả những kẻ thân cận và đáng tôn kính nhất, chịu trách nhiệm khi lệch khỏi hạnh đúng.

माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भ्राताbrother
भ्राता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरोहितःfamily priest
पुरोहितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरोहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अदण्ड्यःnot punishable / exempt from punishment
अदण्ड्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदण्ड्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विद्यतेexists / is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्-लट्; आत्मनेपद, 'to be found/exist')
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वधर्मेin one’s own duty
स्वधर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तिष्ठतिstands / remains / abides
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (तिष्ठति)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
king (rājā/rājñā)
M
mother
F
father
B
brother
W
wife
P
purohita (royal priest)

Educational Q&A

A king’s duty is impartial justice: no relationship or status—family ties or priestly authority—creates immunity if a person abandons svadharma. Upholding dharma requires equal accountability.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira principles of governance. Here he emphasizes that the ruler must punish wrongdoing even among the closest relatives and the purohita when they deviate from their duties.