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Shloka 51

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

व्यवहारस्तु वेदात्मा वेदप्रत्यय उच्यते । मौलश्न नरशार्दूल शास्त्रोक्तश्न तथा पर:

vyavahāras tu vedātmā vedapratyaya ucyate | maulaś ca naraśārdūla śāstroktas ca tathā paraḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Vyavahāra—phép tắc thực hành trong đời—được nói là lấy Veda làm linh hồn và nương vào thẩm quyền của Veda. Tuy vậy, hỡi bậc “hổ giữa loài người”, còn có một chuẩn mực nguyên thủy, nền tảng; và lại có một chuẩn mực khác được các śāstra tuyên thuyết—mỗi thứ đều làm kim chỉ nam cho phán quyết đúng đắn khi những vấn đề về bổn phận và pháp luật phát sinh.

व्यवहारःpractice; customary conduct; transaction
व्यवहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut; indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वेदात्माhaving the Veda as its essence
वेदात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदप्रत्ययःbased on Vedic authority/conviction
वेदप्रत्ययः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदप्रत्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis said; is called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
मौलःoriginal; fundamental
मौलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमौल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नरशार्दूलO tiger among men
नरशार्दूल:
TypeNoun
Rootनरशार्दूल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शास्त्रोक्तःenjoined/said in the śāstra
शास्त्रोक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशास्त्रोक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
परःother; another (also)
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (implied by the address naraśārdūla)
V
Veda
Ś
Śāstra

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches that worldly/legal practice (vyavahāra) should not be treated as mere convention: it is ideally rooted in the Veda and validated by Vedic authority. Alongside this, he acknowledges multiple standards for determining right conduct—an original/foundational basis (maula) and an additional basis articulated in śāstra—indicating a layered approach to dharma where practice, Vedic grounding, and śāstric formulation interact.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, governance, and norms after the war. Here he is clarifying how to evaluate rules and judgments: everyday practice is to be understood as Veda-rooted, while also recognizing foundational principles and śāstric prescriptions as complementary guides in deciding what is right.