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Shloka 14

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

दण्डे त्रिवर्ग: सततं सुप्रणीते प्रवर्तते दैवं हि परमो दण्डो रूपतो5ग्निरिवोत्थित:

daṇḍe trivargaḥ satataṃ supraṇīte pravartate | daivaṃ hi paramo daṇḍo rūpato 'gnir ivotthitaḥ ||

Bhishma nói: Khi Daṇḍa—quyền lực của hình phạt và trị quốc—được thi hành liên tục và đúng đắn, thì ba mục tiêu của đời người: dharma, artha và kāma, vận hành theo trật tự thích đáng và được thành tựu bền vững. Vì thế, Daṇḍa được nói là quyền năng tối thượng, được thần linh chuẩn nhận, hiển lộ rực cháy như lửa—che chở kẻ giữ đạo và thiêu đốt điều sai trái.

दण्डेin/with the punishment (rod of chastisement)
दण्डे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
त्रिवर्गःthe triad (dharma-artha-kāma)
त्रिवर्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत
सुप्रणीतेwhen well-administered / under good governance
सुप्रणीते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्रणीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
प्रवर्ततेproceeds, functions, operates
प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, Third, Singular
दैवम्the divine (power/ordainment)
दैवम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
परमःsupreme, highest
परमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डःpunishment; the rod (of rule)
दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रूपतःin form, as to appearance
रूपतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootरूपतस्
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उत्थितःarisen, sprung forth
उत्थितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्थित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
daṇḍa
A
Agni

Educational Q&A

Properly administered daṇḍa (punitive and regulatory authority) is essential for sustaining the trivarga—dharma, artha, and kāma. Bhīṣma frames just punishment as a divinely grounded force that maintains moral and social order, likened to fire for its power to protect and to destroy wrongdoing.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about the necessity of disciplined governance. Here he emphasizes that when royal authority is exercised correctly and consistently, society’s moral, economic, and personal aims can flourish; hence daṇḍa is praised as supreme and fiery in potency.